vocd-D (D Measure)
vocd-D, also called the D measure, is a length-robust index of lexical diversity developed by David Malvern and Brian Richards. Instead of reporting a single type-token ratio, it characterizes how a text's TTR falls as sample size grows and fits that empirical curve to a one-parameter probabilistic model; the fitted parameter D is the diversity score, with higher D meaning richer vocabulary. HD-D, introduced by McCarthy and Jarvis, is the mathematically exact, sampling-free counterpart that computes the same underlying quantity directly from the hypergeometric distribution.
Rekodi ya chanzo
Nukuu zimehamishwa kwa uhalisi kutoka kwa rekodi ya chanzo cha mbinu. Hakuna uthibitisho wa kiwango cha dai unaodokezwa kutoka kwao.
- Malvern, D., Richards, B., Chipere, N., & Durán, P. (2004). Lexical Diversity and Language Development: Quantification and Assessment. Palgrave Macmillan. · ISBN 9781403902313
- McCarthy, P. M., & Jarvis, S. (2007). vocd: A theoretical and empirical evaluation. Language Testing, 24(4), 459–488. · DOI 10.1177/0265532207080767
- McCarthy, P. M., & Jarvis, S. (2010). MTLD, vocd-D, and HD-D: A validation study of sophisticated approaches to lexical diversity assessment. Behavior Research Methods, 42(2), 381–392. · DOI 10.3758/BRM.42.2.381
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