Rekodi ya ushahidi wa mbinu

Prospect Theory in International Relations

Prospect theory, the behavioral account of choice under risk developed by Kahneman and Tversky, has been applied across international relations to explain foreign-policy decisions that expected-utility models struggle with. As surveyed and assessed by Jack Levy (1997), the key ideas are that leaders evaluate outcomes as gains and losses relative to a reference point rather than in absolute terms, that losses loom larger than equivalent gains (loss aversion), and that people are risk-averse for gains but risk-seeking to avoid losses. These departures from rationality illuminate why states gamble to recover losses and take excessive risks to defend the status quo.

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Rekodi ya chanzo

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Prospect Theory Applied to Foreign-Policy Decision Making

Rekodi ya mbinu ya kiajenda · process-pipeline / international-relations

Levy, J. S. (1997). Prospect theory, rational choice, and international relations. International Studies Quarterly, 41(1), 87–112. · DOI 10.1111/0020-8833.00034

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Used in the same domainExpected Utility Model of Warmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyLeadership Trait Analysismachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyOperational Code Analysismachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.