Rukia hadi maudhuiScholarGate
MaktabaMaktaba yanguDawatiReview StudioMsaidizi
Ingia
Pretest-Posttest Experimental Design/Ushahidi
Rekodi ya ushahidi wa mbinu

Pretest-Posttest Experimental Design

The pretest-posttest experimental design measures participants on the outcome variable before and after treatment, typically with random assignment to treatment and control groups. The difference between pre- and post-scores isolates the treatment effect from baseline variation, making this one of the most widely used frameworks in experimental and quasi-experimental research across education, psychology, medicine, and the social sciences.

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Rekodi ya chanzo

Nukuu zimehamishwa kwa uhalisi kutoka kwa rekodi ya chanzo cha mbinu. Hakuna uthibitisho wa kiwango cha dai unaodokezwa kutoka kwao.

Pretest-Posttest Experimental Design
Rekodi ya mbinu ya kiajenda · process-pipeline / experimental-design
  • Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally. · URL
  • Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference. Houghton Mifflin. · ISBN 978-0395615560
Fungua mbinu kamili

Madai yaliyotunzwa

Madai yamehifadhiwa katika daftari la ushahidi, kila moja ikiwa na tathmini yake.

Hakuna madai yaliyotunzwa bado

Mwonekano huu haubuni tathmini ya dai wakati daftari haina yoyote.

Mbinu zinazohusiana

Zilizotengenezwa kutoka kwa grafu ya mbinu na kuonyeshwa kama uhusiano uliopendekezwa na mashine — hakuna dai la ushahidi linalodokezwa.

Taxonomic bucketControl Group Experimental Designmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.See alsoDifference-in-Differencesmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Taxonomic bucketFactorial Experimentmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Used in the same domainRandomized Controlled Trialmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Taxonomic bucketSolomon Four-Group Designmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.

Hali ya ushahidi

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Bibliographic sources are present. Claim-level evidence review has not been performed.

Vyanzo

2 nukuu zilizorekodiwa, ziliyonakiliwa kutoka kwa rekodi ya chanzo cha mbinu.

Vitendo

Fungua ukurasa wa mbinu
ScholarGate

Maktaba ya marejeleo inayotanguliza maudhui kwa mbinu za utafiti — kila moja ni nini, inavyofanya kazi, na inakotoka.

Data huria (CC-BY)

Gundua

  • Maktaba
  • Tafuta mbinu…
  • Vinjari kwa nyanja
  • Nyanja
  • Safari
  • Linganisha
  • Mbinu ipi?

Marejeo

  • Taaluma
  • Atlas
  • Kamusi ya istilahi
  • Mbinu
  • Falsafa

Eneo la kazi

  • Maktaba yangu
  • Dawati
  • Gumzo

Kampuni

  • Kuhusu
  • Bei
  • Wasiliana nasi
  • Pendekeza mbinu

Maingizo yamekusanywa kutoka vyanzo vilivyochapishwa kwa madhumuni ya marejeo. Kuthibitisha usahihi na ufaafu wa taarifa yoyote kwa matumizi yako mwenyewe kunabaki kuwa jukumu lako.

© 2026 ScholarGate · Maktaba ya marejeleo ya mbinu za utafiti
  • Faragha
  • Vidakuzi
  • Masharti
  • Futa akaunti