Rekodi ya ushahidi wa mbinu

Policy Implementation Analysis

Policy implementation analysis studies what happens between the moment a policy is decided and the moment it reaches its intended effect, asking why outcomes so often fall short of stated objectives. The field was founded by Jeffrey Pressman and Aaron Wildavsky's 1973 study of a federal employment program in Oakland, which showed how a long chain of required agreements and clearances steadily eroded great expectations. The method traces the implementation chain — the actors, decision points and conditions through which a policy must pass — to locate where and why it succeeds or fails. Its central object is the implementation gap between policy as legislated and policy as delivered.

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Rekodi ya chanzo

Nukuu zimehamishwa kwa uhalisi kutoka kwa rekodi ya chanzo cha mbinu. Hakuna uthibitisho wa kiwango cha dai unaodokezwa kutoka kwao.

Policy Implementation Analysis of the Policy-to-Practice Gap

Rekodi ya mbinu ya kiajenda · process-pipeline / public-administration

Pressman, J. L., & Wildavsky, A. (1973). Implementation: How Great Expectations in Washington Are Dashed in Oakland. Berkeley: University of California Press. · ISBN 9780520053311
Mazmanian, D. A., & Sabatier, P. A. (1983). Implementation and Public Policy. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman. · ISBN 9780819133663

Fungua mbinu kamili

Madai yaliyotunzwa

Madai yamehifadhiwa katika daftari la ushahidi, kila moja ikiwa na tathmini yake.

Hakuna madai yaliyotunzwa bado

Mwonekano huu haubuni tathmini ya dai wakati daftari haina yoyote.

Mbinu zinazohusiana

Zilizotengenezwa kutoka kwa grafu ya mbinu na kuonyeshwa kama uhusiano uliopendekezwa na mashine — hakuna dai la ushahidi linalodokezwa.

Same method familyAdministrative Burden Analysismachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyCollaborative Governance Assessmentmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyRealist Evaluationmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyStreet-Level Bureaucracy Analysismachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.