Point Pattern Settlement Analysis
Point pattern settlement analysis treats archaeological sites as points in space and uses spatial statistics to test whether their distribution is clustered, dispersed, or random. The motivating question is interpretive: clustering may signal social aggregation, defense, or attraction to localized resources, while regular spacing may reflect competition for territory or central-place organization. Ian Hodder and Clive Orton's 1976 Spatial Analysis in Archaeology imported nearest-neighbour statistics, quadrat methods, and related techniques from quantitative geography, giving archaeologists tools to compare observed site spacing against the expectation under complete spatial randomness. Conolly and Lake extend this into the GIS era with second-order methods such as Ripley's K and simulation-based significance testing, making point pattern analysis a standard part of settlement studies.
Rekodi ya chanzo
Nukuu zimehamishwa kwa uhalisi kutoka kwa rekodi ya chanzo cha mbinu. Hakuna uthibitisho wa kiwango cha dai unaodokezwa kutoka kwao.
- Hodder, I., & Orton, C. (1976). Spatial Analysis in Archaeology. Cambridge University Press. · ISBN 9780521210805
- Conolly, J., & Lake, M. (2006). Geographical Information Systems in Archaeology. Cambridge University Press. · ISBN 9780521797443
Madai yaliyotunzwa
Madai yamehifadhiwa katika daftari la ushahidi, kila moja ikiwa na tathmini yake.
Mwonekano huu haubuni tathmini ya dai wakati daftari haina yoyote.
Mbinu zinazohusiana
Zilizotengenezwa kutoka kwa grafu ya mbinu na kuonyeshwa kama uhusiano uliopendekezwa na mashine — hakuna dai la ushahidi linalodokezwa.