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Multiple Imputation/Ushahidi
Rekodi ya ushahidi wa mbinu

Multiple Imputation

Multiple Imputation (MI), formally introduced by Donald B. Rubin in 1987, is a principled statistical procedure for handling missing data. Rather than replacing each missing value once, MI fills the gaps m times — each time drawing plausible values from the posterior predictive distribution of the missing data — producing m complete datasets. Each dataset is analysed independently, and the results are combined into a single set of estimates using Rubin's pooling rules. The MICE variant (Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations), popularised by van Buuren and Groothuis-Oudshoorn (2011), extends the approach to mixed variable types by imputing each variable in turn through a sequence of conditional regression models.

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Rekodi ya chanzo

Nukuu zimehamishwa kwa uhalisi kutoka kwa rekodi ya chanzo cha mbinu. Hakuna uthibitisho wa kiwango cha dai unaodokezwa kutoka kwao.

Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE)
Rekodi ya mbinu ya kiajenda · process-pipeline / statistics
  • Rubin, D.B. (1987). Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. Wiley. · DOI 10.1002/9780470316696
  • van Buuren, S. & Groothuis-Oudshoorn, K. (2011). mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 45(3), 1–67. · URL
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Same method familyPropensity Score Matchingmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.

Hali ya ushahidi

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Bibliographic sources are present. Claim-level evidence review has not been performed.

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