Laspeyres and Paasche Index
The Laspeyres and Paasche indices are the two foundational bilateral index numbers used to measure how a basket of prices (or quantities) changes between a base period and a current period. The Laspeyres index weights price changes by base-period quantities — it asks what the original basket costs now relative to then — while the Paasche index weights by current-period quantities, asking what the current basket costs now relative to then. They differ because consumers substitute away from goods whose relative prices rise, and this difference defines the well-known substitution bias: the Laspeyres index tends to overstate, and the Paasche index to understate, the true cost-of-living change, bracketing it between them.
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- Diewert, W. E. (1976). Exact and superlative index numbers. Journal of Econometrics, 4(2), 115–145. · DOI 10.1016/0304-4076(76)90009-9
- Fisher, I. (1922). The Making of Index Numbers. Houghton Mifflin. · ISBN 9780678006597
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