GM(1,1) Grey Forecasting
GM(1,1) is the core forecasting model of grey system theory, introduced by Julong Deng in 1982, designed to predict from very few observations and incomplete information — situations where classical time-series models like ARIMA need far more data. It accumulates the raw series to expose a hidden exponential trend, fits a first-order grey differential equation, and projects future values, making it popular in engineering, energy, and management forecasting with short data records.
Rekodi ya chanzo
Nukuu zimehamishwa kwa uhalisi kutoka kwa rekodi ya chanzo cha mbinu. Hakuna uthibitisho wa kiwango cha dai unaodokezwa kutoka kwao.
- Deng, J. L. (1982). Control problems of grey systems. Systems & Control Letters, 1(5), 288–294. · DOI 10.1016/S0167-6911(82)80025-X
- Liu, S., & Lin, Y. (2010). Grey Systems: Theory and Applications. Springer. · ISBN 978-3-642-13937-6
Madai yaliyotunzwa
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Mbinu zinazohusiana
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