Field-based Deviant Case Sampling
Field-based deviant case sampling is a purposive strategy that deliberately selects cases deviating markedly from an established pattern or norm, with data collected through direct fieldwork — observation, in-situ interviews, and ethnographic engagement — in the participants' natural settings. By studying outliers on-site, researchers gain contextually grounded insight into why and how certain cases diverge from the typical pattern.
Rekodi ya chanzo
Nukuu zimehamishwa kwa uhalisi kutoka kwa rekodi ya chanzo cha mbinu. Hakuna uthibitisho wa kiwango cha dai unaodokezwa kutoka kwao.
- Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. · ISBN 978-0761919711
- Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Sage Publications. · ISBN 978-0803924314
Madai yaliyotunzwa
Madai yamehifadhiwa katika daftari la ushahidi, kila moja ikiwa na tathmini yake.
Mwonekano huu haubuni tathmini ya dai wakati daftari haina yoyote.
Mbinu zinazohusiana
Zilizotengenezwa kutoka kwa grafu ya mbinu na kuonyeshwa kama uhusiano uliopendekezwa na mashine — hakuna dai la ushahidi linalodokezwa.