Fast Multipole Method
The Fast Multipole Method (FMM) is a hierarchical algorithm that reduces the computational complexity of particle interactions from O(n²) to O(n log n) or O(n), developed by Greengard and Rokhlin in 1987. By grouping distant particles and approximating their cumulative effects via multipole expansions, FMM enables efficient simulation of N-body problems, boundary integral equations, and Coulomb interactions.
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- Greengard, L., & Rokhlin, V. (1987). A fast algorithm for particle simulations. Journal of Computational Physics, 73(2), 325–348. · DOI 10.1016/0021-9991(87)90140-9
- Greengard, L. (1988). The Rapid Evaluation of Potential Fields in Particle Systems. MIT Press. · ISBN 0262071088
- Ying, L., Biros, G., & Zorin, D. (2004). A kernel-independent adaptive fast multipole method. Journal of Computational Physics, 196(2), 591–626. · URL
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