Rekodi ya ushahidi wa mbinu

Cross-sectional causal-comparative research

Cross-sectional causal-comparative research compares two or more pre-existing groups — defined by a characteristic or experience that has already occurred — on one or more outcome variables, with all data collected at a single point in time. Because the presumed cause (group membership) precedes measurement but cannot be manipulated, the design sits between purely descriptive and truly experimental work. It is widely used in education, psychology, and social sciences when randomization is impossible or unethical.

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Rekodi ya chanzo

Nukuu zimehamishwa kwa uhalisi kutoka kwa rekodi ya chanzo cha mbinu. Hakuna uthibitisho wa kiwango cha dai unaodokezwa kutoka kwao.

Cross-sectional Causal-Comparative Research Design

Rekodi ya mbinu ya kiajenda · process-pipeline / research-design

Frankfort-Nachmias, C., & Nachmias, D. (2015). Research Methods in the Social Sciences (8th ed.). Worth Publishers. · ISBN 978-1429295154
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications. · ISBN 978-1452226101

Fungua mbinu kamili

Madai yaliyotunzwa

Madai yamehifadhiwa katika daftari la ushahidi, kila moja ikiwa na tathmini yake.

Hakuna madai yaliyotunzwa bado

Mwonekano huu haubuni tathmini ya dai wakati daftari haina yoyote.

Mbinu zinazohusiana

Zilizotengenezwa kutoka kwa grafu ya mbinu na kuonyeshwa kama uhusiano uliopendekezwa na mashine — hakuna dai la ushahidi linalodokezwa.

Taxonomic bucketCausal-Comparative Researchmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Taxonomic bucketEx Post Facto Designmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Taxonomic bucketLongitudinal Causal-Comparative Researchmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.