CHIEF Environmental Barriers
The Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors, known as CHIEF, is a self-report instrument that quantifies the environmental barriers people with disabilities encounter in daily life. Developed by Whiteneck and colleagues in 2004, it operationalizes the environmental-factors component of the WHO ICF, which holds that disability arises from the interaction between a person and their surroundings rather than from impairment alone. CHIEF asks respondents about barriers across five domains — physical and structural, attitudinal and support, services and assistance, productivity, and policy — and for each potential barrier it captures two things: how often the barrier is encountered (frequency) and how big a problem it is when encountered (magnitude). The defining feature of the instrument is that these two ratings are multiplied into a frequency-by-magnitude product, so that a barrier counts for more if it is both common and serious. These products are averaged into domain scores and an overall score, giving a quantitative profile of the environmental obstacles a person faces.
Rekodi ya chanzo
Nukuu zimehamishwa kwa uhalisi kutoka kwa rekodi ya chanzo cha mbinu. Hakuna uthibitisho wa kiwango cha dai unaodokezwa kutoka kwao.
- Whiteneck, G. G., Harrison-Felix, C. L., Mellick, D. C., Brooks, C. A., Charlifue, S. B., & Gerhart, K. A. (2004). Quantifying environmental factors: a measure of physical, attitudinal, service, productivity, and policy barriers. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85(8), 1324-1335. · DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2003.09.027
- World Health Organization. (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: ICF. Geneva: WHO. · ISBN 9789241545426
Madai yaliyotunzwa
Madai yamehifadhiwa katika daftari la ushahidi, kila moja ikiwa na tathmini yake.
Mwonekano huu haubuni tathmini ya dai wakati daftari haina yoyote.
Mbinu zinazohusiana
Zilizotengenezwa kutoka kwa grafu ya mbinu na kuonyeshwa kama uhusiano uliopendekezwa na mashine — hakuna dai la ushahidi linalodokezwa.