Crowding Norm Curve Analysis
Crowding norm curve analysis is a field-survey pipeline for measuring how crowded recreationists feel and for translating their evaluations of density into management standards. Its measurement backbone is the standard single-item 9-point crowding question introduced in Shelby and Heberlein's 1986 book Carrying Capacity in Recreation Settings, on which visitors rate how crowded a setting felt from 'not at all crowded' (1-2) to 'extremely crowded' (8-9). Perceived crowding is a normative evaluation, not a raw density: it is the negative judgment people make about the number of people or encounters they experienced. Vaske and Shelby's 2008 synthesis of thirty years and more than 180 studies showed that this single item behaves consistently, that respondents scoring 3 or higher are conventionally classified as feeling crowded, and that several ways of summarizing the scale correlate above .90. Paired with acceptability evaluations of different densities, the method yields social norm curves that locate the use level at which conditions become unacceptable — a basis for capacity standards.
Registro de origem
Citações copiadas literalmente do registro de origem do método. Nenhuma verificação em nível de alegação é inferida delas.
- Shelby, B., & Heberlein, T. A. (1986). Carrying Capacity in Recreation Settings. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press. · ISBN 9780870714269
- Vaske, J. J., & Shelby, L. B. (2008). Crowding as a Descriptive Indicator and an Evaluative Standard: Results from 30 Years of Research. Leisure Sciences, 30(2), 111-126. · DOI 10.1080/01490400701881341
Alegações curadas
Alegações persistidas no livro-razão de evidências, cada uma com sua própria avaliação.
Esta visualização não inventa uma avaliação de alegação quando o livro-razão não a possui.
Métodos relacionados
Gerado a partir do grafo de métodos e mostrado como relações sugeridas por máquina — nenhuma alegação de evidência é inferida.