Radial Velocity Method
The radial velocity method detects exoplanets by measuring the Doppler shift of a star's spectral lines caused by gravitational tugging from orbiting planets. When a planet orbits a star, the star wobbles slightly toward and away from Earth, creating periodic shifts in its light spectrum. First proposed by Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel in the 19th century and successfully applied to exoplanet detection in 1995, this method has discovered nearly half of all known exoplanets.
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- Mayor, M., & Queloz, D. (1995). A Jupiter-mass companion to a solar-type star. Nature, 378(6555), 355-359. · DOI 10.1038/378355a0
- Campbell, B., Walker, G. A., & Yang, S. (1988). A Search for Substellar Companions to Solar-type Stars. The Astrophysical Journal, 331, 902. · DOI 10.1086/166608
- Pepe, F., et al. (2014). Exoplanet research with the HARPS-N spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 534, A58. · URL
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