Isomap
Isomap (Isometric Feature Mapping) is a manifold learning algorithm introduced by Tenenbaum, de Silva, and Langford in 2000 that discovers the intrinsic low-dimensional geometry of high-dimensional data by preserving geodesic — rather than straight-line Euclidean — distances between all pairs of points. It was one of the earliest, and most influential, nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods to demonstrate that genuinely curved data manifolds could be unfolded into a faithful low-dimensional coordinate system.
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- Tenenbaum, J. B., de Silva, V. & Langford, J. C. (2000). A global geometric framework for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Science, 290(5500), 2319–2323. · DOI 10.1126/science.290.5500.2319
- Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R. & Friedman, J. (2009). The Elements of Statistical Learning (2nd ed., Ch. 14). Springer. · ISBN 978-0-387-84857-0
- van der Maaten, L., Postma, E. & van den Herik, J. (2009). Dimensionality reduction: A comparative review. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 10, 66–71. · URL
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