Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence
The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a brief, validated self-report instrument originally developed by Fagerstrom in 1978 and revised by Heatherton and colleagues in 1991 to quantify the severity of nicotine dependence in cigarette smokers. The FTND comprises six items assessing morning cigarette use, daily cigarette consumption, and the subjective difficulty of abstaining from smoking. It is the most widely used measure of nicotine dependence in smoking cessation research and clinical practice.
Kilderegister
Siteringer kopiert ordrett fra metodens kilderegister. Ingen påstandsnivåverifisering er underforstått fra dem.
- Heatherton, T. F., Kozlowski, L. T., Frecker, R. C., & Fagerstrom, K. O. (1991). The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. British Journal of Addiction, 86(9), 1119-1127. · DOI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x
- Fagerstrom, K. O. (1978). Measuring degree of physical dependence to tobacco smoking with reference to individualization of treatment. Addictive Behaviors, 3(3-4), 235-241. · DOI 10.1016/0306-4603(78)90024-2
- Kozlowski, L. T., & Pill, C. K. (2007). Epidemiology, public health, and supplies of nicotine medications to treat tobacco dependence. Preventive Medicine, 45(2-3), 239-245. · URL
Kuraterte påstander
Påstander lagret i bevishovedboken, hver med sin egen vurdering.
Denne visningen finner ikke opp en påstandsvurdering når hovedboken ikke har noen.
Relaterte metoder
Generert fra metodegrafen og vist som maskinforslåtte relasjoner – ingen bevispåstand er underforstått.