Epworth Sleepiness Scale
The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a brief, validated self-report instrument developed by Johns in 1991 to quantify the level of daytime somnolence or excessive daytime sleepiness. The ESS comprises eight items asking patients to rate the likelihood of dozing off in various everyday situations. It is the most commonly used standardized measure of daytime sleepiness in clinical practice and research.
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- Johns, M. W. (1991). A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep, 14(6), 540-545. · DOI 10.1093/sleep/14.6.540
- Johns, M. W. (1992). Reliability and factor analysis of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep, 15(4), 376-381. · DOI 10.1093/sleep/15.4.376
- Bloch, K. V., Peixoto, S. V., & Sichieri, R. (2002). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: weight as a protective factor. Journal of Public Health, 36(2), 206-213. · URL
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