Variationist Sociolinguistics
Variationist sociolinguistics is the quantitative study of how linguistic variation is structured by social and linguistic factors. Pioneered by William Labov in the 1960s and 1970s, it treats alternative ways of saying the same thing — the 'linguistic variable' — as systematically conditioned by speaker characteristics (class, age, sex, ethnicity), stylistic context, and the surrounding linguistic environment, and it uses statistical modeling of natural speech to reveal the orderly heterogeneity beneath apparent randomness.
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- Labov, W. (1972). Sociolinguistic Patterns. University of Pennsylvania Press. · ISBN 9780812210521
- Tagliamonte, S. A. (2006). Analysing Sociolinguistic Variation. Cambridge University Press. · ISBN 9780521778183
- Labov, W. (1990). The intersection of sex and social class in the course of linguistic change. Language Variation and Change, 2(2), 205–254. · DOI 10.1017/S0954394500000338
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