Standardized Precipitation Index
The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is a climate index that quantifies precipitation anomalies relative to historical norms, standardized to account for differences in precipitation climatology across regions. Introduced by McKee, Doesken, and Kleist in 1993, SPI has become a primary tool for drought detection and characterization, adopted by meteorological agencies worldwide for operational drought monitoring and early warning systems.
Rekod sumber
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- McKee, T. B., Doesken, N. J., & Kleist, J. (1993). The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Applied Climatology, 179-184. · URL
- Lloyd-Hughes, B., & Saunders, M. A. (2002). A drought climatology for Europe. International Journal of Climatology, 22(13), 1571-1592. · DOI 10.1002/joc.846
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