Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale
The PANSS is a 30-item clinician-administered scale designed to measure the presence and severity of positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganization), negative symptoms (affective flattening, alogia, avolition), and general psychopathology in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. Developed by Kay, Fiszbein, and Opler in 1987, the PANSS has become the standard rating scale in schizophrenia research, antipsychotic medication trials, and clinical monitoring. It provides comprehensive assessment across three symptom domains and yields a total score reflecting overall disease severity.
Rekod sumber
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- Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. A. (1987). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13(2), 261–276. · DOI 10.1093/schbul/13.2.261
- Opler, L. A., Kay, S. R., Rosado, V., & Lindenmayer, J. P. (1992). Structured Clinical Interview for the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems. · URL
- Crippa, J. A., Zuardi, A. W., Garolano, N. L., Impastato, B., Borduqui, T., Guimarães, F. S., ... & Dursun, S. M. (2009). Effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on regional cerebral blood flow. Neuropsychobiology, 58(1), 1–7. · URL
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