National Identity Scale
The National Identity Scale measures the strength and character of individuals' identification with their nation, including attachment to national symbols, pride in national achievements, and sense of belonging to the national community. Developed by Kosterman and Feshbach (1989), it distinguishes patriotism (pride in national accomplishments, willingness to serve) from nationalism (belief in national superiority, willingness to act against outsiders). The measure has become essential in comparative politics, examining how national identity shapes political behavior, attitudes toward immigration, support for international cooperation, and electoral choices.
Rekod sumber
Petikan disalin secara verbatim daripada rekod sumber kaedah. Tiada pengesahan peringkat tuntutan disimpulkan daripadanya.
- Kosterman, R., & Feshbach, S. (1989). Toward a measure of patriotic and nationalistic attitudes. Political Psychology, 10(2), 257-274. · DOI 10.2307/3791647
- Anderson, B. (2006). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism (Revised Edition). London: Verso. · URL
- Smith, T. W., & Jarkko, L. (2010). National pride in cross-national perspective. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 22(1), 74-101. · URL
Tuntutan yang dikurasi
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Kaedah berkaitan
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