Multi-source Non-participant Observation
Multi-source non-participant observation is a qualitative data collection strategy in which a researcher systematically observes naturally occurring behaviour across two or more distinct settings, sites, or data sources without joining or influencing the activity being studied. By deliberately excluding the researcher from participation and drawing on multiple independent observational vantage points, the approach strengthens credibility through methodological triangulation while preserving the unobtrusiveness that protects naturalistic behaviour.
Rekod sumber
Petikan disalin secara verbatim daripada rekod sumber kaedah. Tiada pengesahan peringkat tuntutan disimpulkan daripadanya.
- Denzin, N. K. (1978). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill. · URL
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Sage. · ISBN 978-1452226101
Tuntutan yang dikurasi
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