Institutional Trust Scale
The Institutional Trust Scale measures an individual's confidence and trust in formal political and social institutions including parliament, courts, police, media, and civil service. Distinct from generalized interpersonal trust, institutional trust reflects belief in the legitimacy, fairness, and effectiveness of formal organizations that structure governance and public life. Developed in political science by scholars including David Easton and Marc Hetherington, it is a key indicator of democratic health and governance legitimacy.
Rekod sumber
Petikan disalin secara verbatim daripada rekod sumber kaedah. Tiada pengesahan peringkat tuntutan disimpulkan daripadanya.
- Hetherington, M. J. (2005). Why trust matters: Declining political trust and the demise of American liberalism. Princeton University Press. · URL
- Norris, P. (Ed.). (2011). Public sentinel: News media and governance reform. World Bank Publications. · URL
- Easton, D. (1975). A re-assessment of the concept of political support. British Journal of Political Science, 5(4), 435-457. · DOI 10.1017/S0007123400008309
Tuntutan yang dikurasi
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Kaedah berkaitan
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