Focal Animal Sampling
Focal Animal Sampling (FAS) is a systematic observational method in which an observer focuses on one individual animal at a time, recording its behavior continuously or at regular intervals for a fixed period. Introduced by Jeanne Altmann in 1974, FAS provides detailed, quantitative ethograms of individual behavior, making it essential for studying animal behavioral ecology, welfare, and responses to environmental changes.
Rekod sumber
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- Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour, 49(3-4), 227-267. · DOI 10.1163/156853974X00534
- Martin, P., & Bateson, P. P. (1993). Measuring Behaviour: An Introductory Guide (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. · URL
- Lehner, P. N. (1996). Handbook of Ethological Methods (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. · URL
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