Figure and Table Reporting
Tables and figures are the primary means of presenting research data in scientific manuscripts. A well-designed table or figure enables readers to grasp complex data patterns instantly; a poorly designed one obscures findings or misleads. The ICMJE Recommendations and APA Publication Manual establish standards for table and figure formatting, captions, legends, and referencing. Tables are best used for precise numerical values and comparisons across rows and columns; figures (graphs, plots, images) are better for illustrating trends, relationships, or distributions. Both must be self-contained (understandable without consulting the text) and referenced clearly in the manuscript.
Rekod sumber
Petikan disalin secara verbatim daripada rekod sumber kaedah. Tiada pengesahan peringkat tuntutan disimpulkan daripadanya.
- American Psychological Association (2020). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. · ISBN 978-1-4338-3216-1
- Tufte, E. R. (2001). The Visual Display of Quantitative Information (2nd ed.). Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press. · ISBN 978-0-961392-14-6
- International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (2023). Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. · URL
Tuntutan yang dikurasi
Tuntutan disimpan dalam lejar bukti, setiap satu dengan penilaiannya sendiri.
Pandangan ini tidak mencipta penilaian tuntutan apabila lejar tiada.
Kaedah berkaitan
Dijana daripada graf kaedah dan ditunjukkan sebagai perhubungan yang dicadangkan mesin — tiada tuntutan bukti disimpulkan.