Factorial Pretest-Posttest Experimental Design
A factorial pretest-posttest experimental design combines the simultaneous manipulation of two or more independent variables (factors) with measurement of the dependent variable both before and after treatment. This structure allows researchers to assess the main effect of each factor, all possible interaction effects between factors, and the magnitude of change from pretest to posttest — all within a single, fully randomised experiment.
Rekod sumber
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- Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally. · URL
- Kirk, R. E. (2013). Experimental Design: Procedures for the Behavioral Sciences (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. · ISBN 978-1412974455
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