Equivalence Test (TOST)
The equivalence test using the Two One-Sided Tests (TOST) procedure is a parametric hypothesis test designed to demonstrate that the difference between two group means falls within a pre-specified equivalence region ±Δ. Introduced by Schuirmann (1987) in the context of pharmaceutical bioequivalence, TOST reverses the logic of classical null-hypothesis testing: instead of trying to detect a difference, it provides positive evidence of similarity.
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- Schuirmann, D.J. (1987). A Comparison of the Two One-Sided Tests Procedure and the Power Approach for Assessing the Equivalence of Average Bioavailability. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, 15(6), 657–680. · DOI 10.1007/BF01068419
- Lakens, D. (2017). Equivalence Tests: A Practical Primer for t Tests, Correlations, and Meta-Analyses. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(4), 355–362. · DOI 10.1177/1948550617697177
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