ESAS
The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System is a rapid, validated 9-item tool that assesses the severity of common symptoms in cancer and palliative care patients: pain, tiredness, nausea, depression, anxiety, drowsiness, appetite loss, general well-being, and shortness of breath. Developed by Bruera and colleagues at the University of Alberta in 1991, the ESAS has become the standard symptom-screening instrument in oncology clinics, palliative care units, and end-of-life care settings worldwide, enabling efficient symptom prioritization and management escalation.
Rekod sumber
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- Bruera, E., Kuehn, N., Miller, M. J., Selmser, P., & Macmillan, K. (1991). The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS): a simple method for the assessment of palliative care patients. J Palliat Care, 7(2), 6–9. · DOI 10.1177/082585979100700202
- Chang, V. T., Hwang, S. S., & Kasimis, B. (2000). Longitudinal documentation of cancer pain: a pilot chronic disease management model. Cancer, 88(12), 2892–2900. · URL
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