Langkau ke kandunganScholarGate
PerpustakaanPerpustakaan sayaMejaReview StudioPembantu
Log masuk
Economic Voting Analysis/Bukti
Rekod bukti kaedah

Economic Voting Analysis

Economic voting analysis is the formal study of how voters reward or punish incumbents according to economic performance. In the reward-punishment (retrospective) model pioneered by Gerald Kramer in 1971, support for the governing party is a function of recent economic outcomes — growth, unemployment, and inflation — so that good times re-elect incumbents and bad times turn them out. Michael Lewis-Beck and Mary Stegmaier's 2000 review consolidated the field, establishing that economic voting is predominantly sociotropic (based on the national economy rather than personal finances) and that its strength depends on the clarity of responsibility: how easily voters can attribute outcomes to the incumbent.

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Rekod sumber

Petikan disalin secara verbatim daripada rekod sumber kaedah. Tiada pengesahan peringkat tuntutan disimpulkan daripadanya.

Economic Voting Model (Retrospective and Reward-Punishment)
Rekod kaedah taksonomik · mcdm / political-economy
  • Kramer, G. H. (1971). Short-Term Fluctuations in U.S. Voting Behavior, 1896-1964. American Political Science Review, 65(1), 131-143. · DOI 10.2307/1955049
  • Lewis-Beck, M. S., & Stegmaier, M. (2000). Economic Determinants of Electoral Outcomes. Annual Review of Political Science, 3, 183-219. · DOI 10.1146/annurev.polisci.3.1.183
Buka kaedah penuh

Tuntutan yang dikurasi

Tuntutan disimpan dalam lejar bukti, setiap satu dengan penilaiannya sendiri.

Tiada tuntutan terkurasi lagi

Pandangan ini tidak mencipta penilaian tuntutan apabila lejar tiada.

Kaedah berkaitan

Dijana daripada graf kaedah dan ditunjukkan sebagai perhubungan yang dicadangkan mesin — tiada tuntutan bukti disimpulkan.

Same method familyMedian Voter Modelmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Used in the same domainPolitical Budget Cycle Analysismachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyProbabilistic Voting Modelmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familySpatial Voting Modelmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.

Status bukti

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Bibliographic sources are present. Claim-level evidence review has not been performed.

Sumber

2 petikan direkodkan, disalin daripada rekod sumber kaedah.

Tindakan

Buka halaman kaedah
ScholarGate

Perpustakaan rujukan berteraskan kandungan untuk kaedah penyelidikan — apakah setiap kaedah, bagaimana ia berfungsi, dan dari mana asalnya.

Data terbuka (CC-BY)

Terokai

  • Perpustakaan
  • Cari kaedah…
  • Layari mengikut bidang
  • Bidang
  • Perjalanan
  • Bandingkan
  • Kaedah yang mana?

Rujukan

  • Bidang
  • Atlas
  • Glosari
  • Metodologi
  • Falsafah

Ruang kerja

  • Perpustakaan saya
  • Meja
  • Sembang

Syarikat

  • Perihal
  • Harga
  • Hubungi
  • Cadangkan kaedah

Entri disusun daripada sumber yang diterbitkan untuk rujukan. Pengesahan ketepatan dan kesesuaian sebarang maklumat untuk kegunaan anda sendiri kekal menjadi tanggungjawab anda.

© 2026 ScholarGate · Perpustakaan rujukan kaedah penyelidikan
  • Privasi
  • Kuki
Terma
  • Padam akaun