Tilburg Frailty Indicator
The Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) is a self-report questionnaire that measures frailty in older adults across three domains — physical, psychological, and social. Developed by Robbert Gobbens and colleagues at Tilburg University and published in 2010, it operationalizes an explicit 'integral conceptual model of frailty' in which frailty is a dynamic state arising from losses in one or more functioning domains, itself driven by life-course determinants such as age, sex, multimorbidity, and life events. Part A of the instrument records these determinants; Part B comprises 15 items that sum to a 0–15 frailty score, with a cut point of 5 commonly used to flag frailty. Unlike purely physical phenotypes, the TFI deliberately incorporates psychological (mood, anxiety, coping, cognition) and social (living alone, social relationships, support) components, reflecting the social-gerontological view that frailty is more than a biomedical syndrome.
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- Gobbens, R. J. J., van Assen, M. A. L. M., Luijkx, K. G., Wijnen-Sponselee, M. T., & Schols, J. M. G. A. (2010). The Tilburg Frailty Indicator: Psychometric Properties. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 11(5), 344-355. · DOI 10.1016/j.jamda.2009.11.003
- Gobbens, R. J. J., Luijkx, K. G., Wijnen-Sponselee, M. T., & Schols, J. M. G. A. (2010). Towards an integral conceptual model of frailty. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 14(3), 175-181. · DOI 10.1007/s12603-010-0045-6
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