SES Framework
The social-ecological systems (SES) framework, set out by Elinor Ostrom in her 2009 Science paper, is a multi-tier diagnostic structure for analyzing why some coupled human-natural systems are governed sustainably and others are not. It treats a social-ecological system as the interplay of four core subsystems, a resource system, the resource units it produces, a governance system, and the users, all embedded in broader social, economic, and political settings and related ecosystems. Each core subsystem unpacks into second- and lower-tier variables, giving a shared, nested vocabulary of dozens of attributes that can be drawn on selectively for a given question. The framework extends Ostrom's earlier Institutional Analysis and Development work to tightly coupled human-environment systems and is designed to support cumulative, comparable diagnosis of sustainability, including the conditions under which users self-organize to manage a resource.
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- Ostrom, E. (2009). A General Framework for Analyzing Sustainability of Social-Ecological Systems. Science, 325(5939), 419-422. · DOI 10.1126/science.1172133
- Ostrom, E. (2011). Background on the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework. Policy Studies Journal, 39(1), 7-27. · DOI 10.1111/j.1541-0072.2010.00394.x
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