Psychological Empowerment Scale
The Psychological Empowerment Scale is Gretchen Spreitzer's measure of empowerment as an internal motivational state, defined by four cognitions: meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact. It operationalizes the interpretive model of Thomas and Velthouse, who in 1990 recast empowerment not as a managerial act of delegating power but as intrinsic task motivation reflected in how workers experience their roles. Spreitzer's 1995 Academy of Management Journal paper developed and validated a multidimensional scale, using confirmatory factor analysis across two samples to show that the four dimensions combine into a higher-order empowerment construct. She then situated empowerment in a nomological network of antecedents and consequences, linking it to managerial effectiveness and innovative behavior. The scale gave the field a concise, validated instrument and established psychological empowerment as a measurable state distinct from structural or relational notions of empowerment.
Dossier source
Citations copiées telles quelles du dossier source de la méthode. Aucune vérification au niveau de la revendication n'en est déduite.
- Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465. · DOI 10.5465/256865
- Thomas, K. W., & Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment: An 'interpretive' model of intrinsic task motivation. Academy of Management Review, 15(4), 666-681. · DOI 10.5465/amr.1990.4310926
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