Triangulated Diary Method

The triangulated diary method combines participant-generated diary records with at least one additional independent data source — such as interviews, observations, or documents — to verify, deepen, and cross-check findings. Rooted in Denzin's (1978) principle of methodological triangulation and Zimmerman and Wieder's (1977) diary-interview method, it uses the natural, time-stamped richness of diary data while mitigating the subjectivity and recall bias that a diary study alone cannot address.