Cyberbullying Victimization Scale
The Cyberbullying Victimization Scale measures the frequency and nature of bullying experienced through digital channels—social media, text messages, gaming platforms, email, and online forums. Developed by Smith and colleagues (2008) and refined through meta-analytic synthesis by Kowalski and colleagues (2014), the scale captures both the prevalence of cyberbullying incidents and their psychological impact, distinguishing cyberbullying from traditional in-person bullying by its permanence, ease of viral spread, and 24/7 accessibility.
Allikakirje
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- Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 376–385. · DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x
- Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among adolescents. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073–1137. · DOI 10.1037/a0035618
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