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| Διεξοδική Έρευνα× | Έρευνα Ομάδων Εστίασης× | |
|---|---|---|
| Πεδίο≠ | Μεθοδολογία Επισκοπήσεων | Ποιοτικές Μέθοδοι |
| Οικογένεια | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Έτος προέλευσης≠ | 1978 (Denzin); widely operationalized in survey contexts from the 1990s onward | 1940s (sociological origin); modern applied form from the 1980s–1990s |
| Δημιουργός≠ | Norman K. Denzin (triangulation concept); Alan Bryman (mixed-methods survey application) | Robert K. Merton (sociological precursor, 1940s); popularised in applied research by Richard A. Krueger |
| Τύπος≠ | Mixed-methods data collection design | Qualitative data collection method |
| Θεμελιώδης πηγή≠ | Denzin, N. K. (1978). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill. link ↗ | Krueger, R.A. & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244 |
| Εναλλακτικές ονομασίες | survey triangulation, multi-method survey, convergent survey design, cross-validated survey | focus group discussion, FGD, group interview, Odak Grup Araştırması |
| Συναφείς≠ | 5 | 6 |
| Σύνοψη≠ | A Triangulated Survey deliberately combines a structured survey instrument with at least one additional data source — such as interviews, focus groups, observation, or a second survey — so that findings from each source can be cross-validated against the others. Rooted in Denzin's concept of methodological triangulation, the design strengthens credibility by checking whether independent lines of evidence converge on the same conclusions. It is especially common in applied social, educational, and health research. | Focus group research is a qualitative data-collection method in which a trained moderator guides structured discussions with homogeneous groups of six to ten participants to explore ideas, attitudes, and perceptions on a defined topic. Developed from sociological roots in the 1940s and systematised for applied research by Krueger and Casey, the method leverages group interaction as a data source — revealing not just what people think, but how they negotiate and articulate views in a social setting. |
| ScholarGateΣύνολο δεδομένων ↗ |
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