Σύγκριση μεθόδων

	Spatial Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity	Μέθοδος Εργαλειακών Μεταβλητών (IV) για Αιτιώδη Συμπερασματολογία
Πεδίο	Αιτιακή Συμπερασματολογία	Οικονομικά της Υγείας
Οικογένεια	Regression model	Process / pipeline
Έτος προέλευσης	2015	1990s (modern applications)
Δημιουργός	Keele & Titiunik (2015); fuzzy extension of geographic RDD building on Imbens & Lemieux (2008)	Angrist & Pischke (applied econometrics); rooted in econometric theory
Τύπος	Quasi-experimental causal inference / IV-based spatial design	Method
Θεμελιώδης πηγή	Keele, L., & Titiunik, R. (2015). Geographic Boundaries as Regression Discontinuities. Political Analysis, 23(1), 127-155.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J. S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Εναλλακτικές ονομασίες	Spatial Fuzzy RD, Geographic Fuzzy RDD, Spatial Fuzzy RDD, Geo-Fuzzy RD	IV, two-stage least squares, TSLS, causal estimation
Συναφείς	5	3
Σύνοψη	Spatial Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design (Spatial Fuzzy RDD) estimates a local average treatment effect when a geographic boundary determines treatment eligibility but some units on either side of the boundary fail to comply with their assigned status. It combines the spatial running-variable logic of geographic RDD with the instrumental-variable correction for imperfect compliance used in fuzzy RDD.	Instrumental variables (IV) is an econometric method to estimate causal effects when treatment or exposure is not randomly assigned and confounding is severe or unmeasured. IV relies on a third variable (instrument) that influences treatment but does not directly affect the outcome, allowing researchers to isolate the causal effect from the noise of confounding. Developed extensively in econometrics (Angrist & Pischke, 1990s–2000s), IV methods are increasingly used in health economics and health services research to leverage natural experiments and policy changes.