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| Προ-δοκιμασμένη Έρευνα× | Έρευνα με Δείγμα× | |
|---|---|---|
| Πεδίο | Μεθοδολογία Επισκοπήσεων | Μεθοδολογία Επισκοπήσεων |
| Οικογένεια | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Έτος προέλευσης≠ | Widely formalised from the 1970s-1980s | Late 19th century; systematic social-science use from 1940s |
| Δημιουργός≠ | Systematic practice codified by Jean M. Converse and Stanley Presser | Francis Galton, Charles Booth, and early social statisticians; formalised by Paul Lazarsfeld in the 1940s |
| Τύπος≠ | Survey design and validation procedure | Quantitative (primarily) or mixed-methods data-collection instrument |
| Θεμελιώδης πηγή≠ | Converse, J. M., & Presser, S. (1986). Survey Questions: Handcrafting the Standardized Questionnaire. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803925557 | Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2014). Internet, Phone, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method (4th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1118456149 |
| Εναλλακτικές ονομασίες | pre-tested survey, survey pre-testing, questionnaire pilot study, survey field test | questionnaire survey, survey research, self-report survey, questionnaire study |
| Συναφείς | 6 | 6 |
| Σύνοψη≠ | A pilot-tested survey is a structured questionnaire that has been administered to a small, representative sample before the main data-collection phase. The purpose is to detect problems with wording, response options, skip logic, or timing, allowing the researcher to refine the instrument before it reaches the full sample. Pilot testing is not a separate research design; it is a quality-assurance step embedded within survey methodology that substantially reduces measurement error. | A survey is a systematic data-collection method in which a standardised set of questions is posed to a sample of respondents to measure attitudes, behaviours, demographics, or other constructs. Surveys can be administered via paper, telephone, online platforms, or face-to-face. They are among the most widely used instruments in social, behavioural, health, and educational research because they can reach large, geographically dispersed samples at relatively low cost. |
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