Σύγκριση μεθόδων

	Life Orientation Test Revised	PERMA Profiler
Πεδίο	Θετική Ψυχολογία	Θετική Ψυχολογία
Οικογένεια	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Έτος προέλευσης	1994	2016
Δημιουργός	Michael Scheier and Charles Carver	James Butler and Margaret Kern
Τύπος	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Θεμελιώδης πηγή	Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing coping strategies from coping styles: A health psychological perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1061–1078.	Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 1–48.
Εναλλακτικές ονομασίες	LOT-R	PERMA Profiler, PERMA Model
Συναφείς	4	4
Σύνοψη	The Life Orientation Test – Revised (LOT-R) is a 10-item measure of dispositional optimism developed by Scheier, Carver, and Bridges in 1994. It assesses the general expectancy that good things (versus bad things) will happen in the future. Optimism, as measured by the LOT-R, predicts coping success, health outcomes, and psychological well-being independent of self-efficacy or other personality factors. The revised version addressed psychometric concerns in the original 1985 LOT, improving clarity and reducing item ambiguity.	The PERMA-Profiler is a 23-item multidimensional measure of flourishing developed by Butler and Kern in 2016 based on Seligman's PERMA model of positive psychology. It assesses five core domains of human flourishing—Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment—plus Negative Emotion and Loneliness as contextual factors. This instrument bridges the theoretical PERMA framework with practical measurement, enabling comprehensive assessment of psychological well-being across multiple life dimensions.