Σύγκριση μεθόδων

	Κλίμακα Άγχους και Κατάθλιψης Νοσοκομείου (HADS)	Ερωτηματολόγιο Γενικής Υγείας-12 (GHQ-12)	Κλίμακα Ψυχολογικής Δυσφορίας Kessler-10 (K10)
Πεδίο	Κλινική Ψυχολογία	Κλινική Ψυχολογία	Κλινική Ψυχολογία
Οικογένεια	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Έτος προέλευσης	1983	1992	2002
Δημιουργός	Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith	David P. Goldberg	Ronald C. Kessler and colleagues
Τύπος	Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations	Psychiatric symptom screening	Non-specific psychological distress screening
Θεμελιώδης πηγή	Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370.	Goldberg, D. P. (1972). The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. Oxford University Press.	Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. Y., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L., ... & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959-976.
Εναλλακτικές ονομασίες	HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D	GHQ-12, GHQ	K10, K6, Kessler Scale
Συναφείς	4	5	5
Σύνοψη	The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide.	The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is a brief, 12-item self-report screening instrument for psychological distress and mental health problems in the general population. Developed by David P. Goldberg, the GHQ-12 is the most widely used short form of the longer General Health Questionnaire series. It is designed for rapid detection of minor psychiatric morbidity and assessment of psychological well-being in clinical, occupational health, and community settings.	The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K10) is a 10-item self-report measure of non-specific psychological distress and mental health problems. Developed by Kessler and colleagues in 2002, the K10 was designed as an ultra-brief screening instrument for population surveys and epidemiological research. A shorter 6-item version (K6) is also widely used for rapid case identification.