Σύγκριση μεθόδων

	Dictionary-Based Text Analysis	Manifest Content Analysis
Πεδίο	Communication	Communication
Οικογένεια	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Έτος προέλευσης	2003	1952
Δημιουργός	Lexicon tradition (Pennebaker LIWC; General Inquirer)	Bernard Berelson; codified by Klaus Krippendorff
Τύπος	Word-count text measurement against predefined category dictionaries	Systematic quantitative coding of explicit message content
Θεμελιώδης πηγή	Pennebaker, J. W., Mehl, M. R., & Niederhoffer, K. G. (2003). Psychological aspects of natural language use: Our words, our selves. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 547–577.	Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. ISBN: 9780761915454
Εναλλακτικές ονομασίες	Lexicon-based text analysis, Word-count text analysis, Dictionary method for content analysis, Sözlük Tabanlı Metin Analizi	Quantitative manifest coding, Surface-content analysis, Manifest-level content analysis, Berelson content analysis
Συναφείς	4	5
Σύνοψη	Dictionary-based text analysis measures concepts in text by counting how often words belonging to predefined category lists — dictionaries — appear in each document. It is the workhorse lexicon method behind tools like LIWC and the General Inquirer, prized for its transparency and scalability: a category score is simply the share of a document's words that match the category's word list.	Manifest content analysis is a quantitative research technique that systematically counts the explicit, surface-level features of communication messages — words, sources, themes, images, or actors that are directly visible in the text or media artifact — according to a predefined coding scheme. Rooted in Bernard Berelson's classic definition of content analysis as the 'objective, systematic, and quantitative description of the manifest content of communication,' it is one of the foundational empirical methods of mass communication and media research.