Σύγκριση μεθόδων

	Κλίμακα Καθημερινής Πνευματικής Εμπειρίας (DSES)	Δείκτης Θρησκεύματος του Πανεπιστημίου Duke (DUREL)
Πεδίο	Ψυχολογία της Θρησκείας	Ψυχολογία της Θρησκείας
Οικογένεια	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Έτος προέλευσης	2002	2010
Δημιουργός	Lynn G. Underwood & Jeanne A. Teresi	Harold G. Koenig & Arndt Büssing
Τύπος	Self-report	Self-report
Θεμελιώδης πηγή	Underwood, L. G., & Teresi, J. A. (2002). The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale: Development, theoretical description, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and preliminary construct validity using health-related data. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24(1), 22–33.	Koenig, H. G., & Büssing, A. (2010). The Duke University Religion Index (DUREL): A five-item measure for use in epidemical studies. Religions, 1(1), 78–85.
Εναλλακτικές ονομασίες	DSES	DUREL
Συναφείς	4	4
Σύνοψη	The DSES, developed by Underwood and Teresi in 2002, is a 16-item self-report measure designed to capture the frequency and depth of spiritual experiences that occur in everyday life. Unlike scales that measure religious affiliation or institutional participation, the DSES assesses whether and how often individuals report direct, lived spiritual experience—moments of connection to something transcendent, sacred, or divine. It has become widely used in health services research, chaplaincy, and gerontological studies to quantify spiritual well-being and predict psychological and health outcomes.	The DUREL is a brief, five-item self-report measure of religious involvement developed by Koenig and Büssing in 2010. Designed specifically for epidemiological and health services research, it captures three dimensions of religiosity: organizational religious activity (church attendance), non-organizational religious activity (private prayer and study), and intrinsic religiosity (religious motivation and meaning). The scale is widely used in gerontology, medical sociology, and health outcomes research to assess how religious engagement correlates with physical and mental well-being.