MCDMDecision-makingDistanceMath steps

Mahalanobis Distance — covariance-adjusted distance accounting for inter-criterion correlations

OriginatorMahalanobis, P. C.Year1936Sources1

MAHALANOBIS-DISTANCE (Mahalanobis Distance — covariance-adjusted distance accounting for inter-criterion correlations) is a distance multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Mahalanobis, P. C. in 1936. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Key highlights

  • Follows a transparent, reproducible computational procedure that can be audited step by step.
  • Handles multiple criteria of differing scales and units within a single decision matrix.

Intuition

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How it works

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When to use it

d ≥ 0; d=0 iff a=b. Mahalanobis Distance is symmetric.

Strengths & limitations

Strengths
  • Follows a transparent, reproducible computational procedure that can be audited step by step.
  • Handles multiple criteria of differing scales and units within a single decision matrix.
Limitations
  • Results depend on the chosen normalisation, weights, and parameter settings.

Common pitfalls

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Sources

  1. 1.
    Mahalanobis, P. C. (1936). Mahalanobis Distance. Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of India

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Cite this page

ScholarGate. (2026, June 2). MAHALANOBIS-DISTANCE. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/decision-making/mahalanobis-distance

Mahalanobis Distance | ScholarGate