MCDMDecision-makingRankingMath steps

Slack-Based Measure Data Envelopment Analysis

OriginatorTone, K.Year2001Sources1

DEA-SBM (Slack-Based Measure Data Envelopment Analysis) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Tone, K. in 2001. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Key highlights

  • Follows a transparent, reproducible computational procedure that can be audited step by step.
  • Handles multiple criteria of differing scales and units within a single decision matrix.

Intuition

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How it works

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When to use it

SBM is preferred over CCR/BCC when slacks are important; it is units-invariant.

Strengths & limitations

Strengths
  • Follows a transparent, reproducible computational procedure that can be audited step by step.
  • Handles multiple criteria of differing scales and units within a single decision matrix.
Limitations
  • Results depend on the chosen normalisation, weights, and parameter settings.

Common pitfalls

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Sources

  1. 1.
    Tone, K. (2001). A slacks-based measure of efficiency in data envelopment analysis. European Journal of Operational Research

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Cite this page

ScholarGate. (2026, June 2). DEA-SBM. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/decision-making/dea-sbm