Conflict Tactics Scale
The Conflict Tactics Scale is the most widely used instrument for measuring how intimate partners handle disagreements and conflict, including tactics ranging from negotiation and psychological aggression to physical violence and sexual coercion. Developed by Murray Straus in 1979 and substantially revised in 1996 (CTS2), it is used extensively in family research, intimate partner violence assessment, and couple therapy evaluation. The CTS2 measures five dimensions of conflict behavior: negotiation (reasoning and discussion), psychological aggression (insults, threats), physical assault (pushing, hitting, weapon use), injury (physical consequences of violence), and sexual coercion.
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- Straus, M. A. (1996). Measuring intrafamily conflict and violence: The Conflict Tactics Scale. Journal of Family Issues, 41(1), 75-88. · URL
- Straus, M. A., & Douglas, E. M. (2004). A short form of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale, and typologies for violence and control. Violence and Victims, 19(5), 507-520. · DOI 10.1037/t43278-000
- Hamby, S. L., Poindexter, V. C., & Reaney, S. (2006). Adaptations for diverse populations of the Conflict Tactics Scale: A review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11(4), 375-385. · URL
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