Populism Scale
The Populism Attitudes Scale measures individual propensity toward populist political orientations, including Manichean worldview (pure people vs. corrupt elites), belief in popular sovereignty, and anti-elitism. Developed by Akkerman, Mudde, and Zaslaysky (2014), the eight-item scale distinguishes populist attitudes from left-right ideology, authoritarian attitudes, and distrust of institutions. It captures voters' susceptibility to populist political messaging across left-wing and right-wing populist movements globally, from Latin American left-populism to European right-wing populism.
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- Akkerman, A., Mudde, C., & Zaslaysky, A. (2014). How populist are the people? Measuring populist attitudes in voters. Comparative Political Studies, 47(9), 1324-1353. · DOI 10.1177/0010414013512600
- Mudde, C. (2004). The populist zeitgeist. Government and Opposition, 39(4), 541-563. · DOI 10.1111/j.1477-7053.2004.00135.x
- Canovan, M. (1999). The people. Cambridge: Polity Press. · URL
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