Minimum Number of Individuals
Minimum number of individuals (MNI) is a quantitative zooarchaeological method that estimates the minimum number of animals represented in a faunal assemblage based on the frequency of unique skeletal elements. Developed by Theodore White in 1953, it is one of the most widely used techniques for analyzing animal bone assemblages from archaeological sites. The MNI method helps archaeologists understand hunting and butchering patterns, interpret subsistence practices, and assess the diversity of fauna exploited by past human populations.
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- White, T. E. (1953). A method of calculating the dietary percentages of various food animals utilized by aboriginal peoples. American Antiquity, 19(4), 396-398. · DOI 10.2307/277116
- Grayson, D. K. (1984). Quantitative Zooarchaeology. Academic Press. · URL
- Lyman, R. L. (1994). Vertebrate Taphonomy. Cambridge University Press. · URL
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