Kernel PCA
Kernel Principal Component Analysis (Kernel PCA) is a nonlinear dimensionality-reduction method introduced by Bernhard Schölkopf, Alexander Smola, and Klaus-Robert Müller in 1997–1998. It extends classical linear PCA to curved, non-linear data manifolds by implicitly mapping input data into a high-dimensional feature space via a kernel function, then performing standard PCA in that space — all without ever computing the mapping explicitly.
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- Schölkopf, B., Smola, A. J., & Müller, K.-R. (1998). Nonlinear component analysis as a kernel eigenvalue problem. Neural Computation, 10(5), 1299–1319. · DOI 10.1162/089976698300017467
- Schölkopf, B., Smola, A. J., & Müller, K.-R. (1997). Kernel principal component analysis. In Artificial Neural Networks — ICANN'97, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1327, pp. 583–588. Springer. · DOI 10.1007/BFb0020217
- Schölkopf, B., & Smola, A. J. (2002). Learning with Kernels: Support Vector Machines, Regularization, Optimization, and Beyond. MIT Press. · ISBN 978-0-262-19475-4
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