Hypoglycemia Fear Survey
The Hypoglycemia Fear Survey (HFS) is a self-report measure that quantifies fear of, anxiety about, and behavioral responses to hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. Originally developed by Cox and colleagues in 1987 and revised (HFS-II) in 1993, the HFS captures the emotional and behavioral impact of hypoglycemia risk, particularly the tendency to run higher blood glucose to avoid episodes, making it essential for understanding a major barrier to optimal glucose control in insulin-dependent diabetes.
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- Cox, D. J., Irvine, A., Gonder-Frederick, L., Nowacek, G., & Butterfield, G. (1987). Fear of hypoglycemia: Quantification, validation, and utilization. Diabetes Care, 10(5), 617–621. · DOI 10.2337/diacare.10.5.617
- Cox, D. J., Ritterband, L. M., Hessler, D., Polis, S., Sinha, A., & Gonder-Frederick, L. (2007). Accuracy of perceived blood glucose in adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 30(3), 529–535. · URL
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