Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, published by Max Hamilton in 1960, is a clinician-administered interview assessment of depressive symptom severity. The most common version contains 17 items (HAM-D-17), though 21-item and 24-item versions exist. It is considered the gold standard outcome measure in antidepressant drug trials and remains the most cited depression rating scale in the psychiatric literature. Unlike self-report measures, HAM-D requires clinician judgment and observation, making it particularly valuable in research settings where standardized measurement by trained raters is essential.
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- Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 23(1), 56–62. · DOI 10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56
- Bagby, R. M., Ryder, A. G., Schuller, D. R., & Marshall, M. B. (1997). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale: has the gold standard become a lead weight? American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(12), 2163–2177. · DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.12.2163
- Williams, J. B. (1988). A structured interview guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45(8), 742–747. · DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800320058007
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