General Circulation Model
A General Circulation Model (GCM), also called a Global Climate Model, is a three-dimensional numerical representation of the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, ice, and land surface that simulates physical processes governing weather and climate. Pioneered by Manabe and Wetherald in 1975, GCMs are the primary tools for understanding past climate, projecting future climate change, and investigating climate sensitivity to greenhouse gases and other forcings.
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- Manabe, S., & Wetherald, R. T. (1975). The effects of doubling the CO2 concentration on the climate of a general circulation model. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 32(1), 3-15. · DOI 10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032<0003:TEODTC>2.0.CO;2
- IPCC (2021). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Sixth Assessment Report. · URL
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